How to Calculate Pot and Hand Odds in Limit Hold 'Em Poker

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Last Updated: October 15, 2019

When playing poker, you are often faced with the decision whether to call or fold to a bet. One way to determine whether to call is to see if the amount of money in the pot, divided by your call ("pot odds"), equal or exceed the odds of you getting the cards you need for a winning hand (also called your 'hand odds', or 'outs').

Quickly calculating whether the pot odds you are getting are favorable is essential to a long term winning strategy. In other words, usually only make or call a bet if it will pay off in the long run, keeping your play variable enough to avoid getting 'read'.

Method 1

Method 1 of 3:

Pot Odds

If you are playing pot limit or no limit poker, you should already know this number.^{[1]
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Pot odds are invariably a function of calling or folding, rather than betting. In the simplest terms, if the bet is $1 to you, and there is already $4 in the pot, your pot odds are 5:1.^{[2]
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However, 'implied odds' should be added in for the most accurate picture. In the scenario above, although your pot odds are 5:1, if there are 2 other people in the hand 'behind' you that haven't acted yet, and they each have $1 in their hand, waiting for you to call so they can call (bad poker etiquette), your implied odds, for just this round of betting, instantly rise to 7:1, as an example. Implied odds are calculated, since they are basically imaginary, and encompass more than just the scenario above, which is vastly simplified; in the scenario above, if the second person waiting to call behind you instead raises, you have to start all over.^{[3]
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Method 2

Method 2 of 3:

Hand Odds

"Outs" are the cards remaining in the deck that will allow you to make a winning hand.^{[4]
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There must be at least that many bets in the pot (multiples of your bet) for a call.
- Example: You have 2 hearts. Two more hearts fall on the flop. There are now 47 unseen cards. You have 9 outs (9 out of 13 unseen hearts remaining in the deck) to make your flush on the next card.
  Divide 47 by 9 = 5.2
  Subtract 1 = 4.2
  There must be at least 4.2 bets in the pot for you to call a single bet.
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Method 3

Method 3 of 3:

Rule of 4 Version

That is your percentage of catching one of your outs.^{[5]
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After the turn you multiply your outs by 2.^{[6]
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- Example: You have two hearts. Two more hearts fall on the flop, so you have 9 outs.
  9 x 4 = 36, giving you 36% chance to hit your flush and your opponent a 64% chance to hold up and win with a pair.
  64/36 is a little less than 2 to 1. Therefore, it would make sense to call bets slightly higher than half the pot size.
  If another heart doesn't hit on the turn you are now 9 x 2 = 18%
  18%/82% is a little worse than 5 to 1, meaning the bet has to be less than 20% of the pot.
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Draw	Hand	Flop	Specific Outs	# Outs
	4♠ 4♥	6♣ 7♦ T♠	4♦, 4♣	2
One Overcard	A♠ 4♥	6♥ 2♦ J♣	A♦, A♥, A♣	3
Inside Straight	6♣ 7♦	5♠ 9♥ A♦	8♣, 8♦, 8♥, 8♠	4
Two Pair to Full House	A♦ J♥	5♠ A♠ J♦	A♥, A♣, J♠, J♣	4
One Pair to Two Pair or Set	J♣ Q♦	J♦ 3♣ 4♠	J♥, J♠, Q♠, Q♥, Q♣	5
No Pair to Pair	3♦ 6♣	8♥ J♦ A♣	3♣, 3♠, 3♥, 6♥, 6♠, 6♦	6
Two Overcards to Over Pair	A♣ K♦	3♦ 2♥ 8♥	A♥, A♠, A♦, K♥, K♣, K♠	6
Set to Full House or Quads	5♥ 5♦	5♣ Q♥ 2♠	5♠ Q♠, Q♦, Q♣, 2♥, 2♦, 2♣	7
Open Straight	9♥ T♣	3♣ 8♦ J♥	Any 7, Any Q	8
Flush	A♥ K♥	3♥ 5♠ 7♥	Any heart (2♥ to Q♥)	9
Inside Straight & Two Overcards	A♥ K♣	Q♠ J♣ 6♦	Any Ten, A♠, A♦ A♣, K♠, K♥, K♦	10
Flush & Inside Straight	K♣ J♣	A♣ 2♣ T♥	Any Q, Any club	12
Flush and Open Straight	J♥ T♥	9♣ Q♥ 3♥	Any heart, 8♦, 8♠, 8♣, K♦, K♠, K♣	15 outs

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You could take a calculator, or use one on your phone if your phone has a calculator, but people might see you. But nobody will care.

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Note that it mentions outs to a "winning hand". There is no automatic system to determine what a "winning hand" is. Maybe that 3-of-a-kind could win. But maybe there's 3 cards to a flush on the table. Experience will dictate what you consider a minimum strength hand to win.

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Some people advocate determining the number of outs required to make your hand using all future cards. For example, if you need one card for a flush, you actually have two draws to that card, not just one. Doing the math, you get 1.5:1 odds, so 1.5 bets would be your break even. Since you can be forced out on the next round, this is only true if there is no more betting. However, you need to estimate all future bets to get to that last card (yours and theirs), and that ratio needs to be 1.5 or more. It's much harder to do this math on the fly, however, and usually requires you to memorize an 'out' list for different card combinations.

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Warnings

The video is only useful for the description of 'Pot odds'; following any of it's other advice, trying to win with a 6 high flush, for example, will have you playing with play chips' in no time.

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